Potassium
Around 90% of the potassium consumed through our diet is removed by the kidney. The normal level of potassium intake is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L so anything higher than that must be avoided. But in the patients having stage 5 CKD, it becomes difficult to remove the potassium from the body as kidney loses its functions altogether. So, controlling potassium is very important.
Sodium
Kidney diseases and salt are almost synonymous. Higher the salt intake, higher the risk of the CKD, high blood pressure and heart disease. Hence a large amount of sodium intake must be restricted.
Protein
The limit on protein intake is 0.75g per kilogram of one's total body weight, except for those suffering from hemodialysis. One must consume enough protein to keep oneself healthy but not in excess. Mainly meat, fish and dairy products are the sources of protein. Edibles such as eggs, beef, cheese, bran breads, nuts and vegetable also contain a high amount of protein.
Phosphorus
Phosphorus consumption for normal people as well as for people with CKD non-dialysis is 2.7 to 4.6 mg/dL. For CKD dialysis patients the target range is 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dL. Poor maintenance of phosphorus can lead to not only total kidney failure but also to bone diseases and heart troubles. Dairy products, nuts and beans (the main sources of phosphorus) and drinks and beverages like cocoa, cold drinks and beer must be avoided.
Fluids
Consumption of fluids is essential for normal people but for a patient of CKD, fluid intake must be watched. More than 48 fl oz (1.4 L) of fluids a day must be avoided. What are fluids? Edible things that are liquid at room temperature are known as fluids. e. g. soups, ice creams, Jell-O, etc. Over-consumption of such fluids can increase the level of phosphorus. Some fruits like apples, orange, grapes and vegetables like lettuce also contain a lot of water. So, avoid such fruits.
As a patient with chronic kidney disease, your recommended diet may change over time, depending on how much kidney function you have.
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